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ASOIAF is set in our distant future, after genetically advanced super-humans (Valyrians, essentially a bunch of blonde purple eyed Khan Noonien Singhs) enslaved a bunch of regular humans and take them to colonize Planetos on a huge space ship built out of a hollowed out asteroid.
At some point after arriving and seeding Planetos with humans, horses, turnips and such, a civil war breaks out among the Valyrians and their space ship is damaged, giving rise to the myth of the “moon cracking open and dragons spilling out”.
This civil war among the Valyrians devastates the planet, causing the Long Night and possibly knocking Planetos into a screwy orbit that causes the weird climate and what few regular humans survive, revert back into into barbaric primitive cave men and it will take untold generations for them to slowly claw their way back to a quasi-medieval level of civilization and by then, they’ve forgotten all about their actual origins.
It also leaves a handful of surviving Valyrians stranded on Planetos and they take refuge hiding on the Valyrian Peninsula with the few bits of advanced tech they managed to hold on to.
The small number of Valyrians results in them adopting the practice of inbreeding aided by genetic technology to prevent defects, which they also use to genetically modify the native “firewyrms” found living in and around the volcanoes and turn them into dragons.
Eventually the Valyrians feel strong enough to try and conquer the world and the Valyrian Freehold is the result but their brutality results in the Faceless Men, who steal some tech from the Valyrians and use it to develop nuclear weapons (or something very similar) which they first test on Hardhome and later use to destroy the Valyrian Peninsula by detonating them inside the volcanos, toppling the Valyrian Freehold.
